Tag Archive for: #wonderfullyfit

Should Seniors Exercise and What are the Benefits?

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As we grow older our bodies go through various changes. One of the best ways to ensure the health and fitness is to practice safe senior exercise in our retirement years. Many doctors will often prescribe a regime of exercises that are safe and effective. However, due to the fact that many seniors are dealing with different degrees of various illnesses and health concerns, every senior exercise routine should be tailored to meet each individual’s health needs.

It is best to choose simple forms of senior exercise if you haven’t been steadily training or exercising in your former years. Always consult with your physician before embarking on a new method of exercise. However, once you receive your physician’s OK; you should feel confident in beginning your routine.

senior exercise

A great way to learn a new workout is to use a senior exercise video or DVD. Aerobics is a wonderful workout and it keeps the heart healthy and strong. If your doctor has given you a target heart rate to maintain, then consider choosing an aerobic senior exercise workout video.

For those who suffer with painful arthritis, senior exercise may be prescribed as a form of therapy. You can find special arthritis based workouts that will slowly help you move and restore flexibility to your joints. Continuing to exercise is one of the most beneficial tools that you have to fight off the painful stiffness of arthritis.

Some seniors have limited mobility and there are many seated exercises that you can still perform. Choosing a video or DVD that will instruct you in these exercises is a great way to keep flexible and healthy. Many seniors choose to perform yoga for its stretching and toning benefits. This gentle form of exercise will help keep the spine flexible and supple.

One of the most effective forms of senior exercise available today is good old-fashioned walking. Walking can help keep the hips strong and flexible, keep the legs toned, and improve circulation throughout the entire body. Try walking whenever possible to receive these life saving benefits. You can avoid many sicknesses and illnesses just by increasing circulation and keeping the body in a lifestyle of motion.

Many active seniors prefer to exercise through hobbies such as dancing and swimming. Most senior communities will include a health club, fitness room, swimming pool, and offer dance lessons. Weight training is also beneficial in senior years, and research is showing that a weight-training regime can help prevent bone loss in seniors.

By participating in the exercise programs offered in your senior community you are taking the best course of action to maintain your level of health, as well as to improve your current state of health. Whether it is swimming, dancing, weight training, yoga, playing golf or simply walking exercise is the key to enjoying your retirement years and limiting painful conditions.

Always follow your physician’s advice and consult with him or her before starting any new exercise routines. By living a lifestyle that includes proper nutrition, plenty of rest, and a reduction of stress, you can be sure that you are taking vital steps to ensure your health.

Using Yoga Poses to Improve Your Health

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Yoga Poses are the body and mind places you are trying to achieve through Yoga that are also called Asanas. The benefits of practicing Yoga is mainly to exercise, strengthen and tone your body’s muscles and exercise your mind. It takes a great deal of willpower and tenacity to accomplish each Yoga Pose and you have to have the discipline to practice your routine of poses or asanas daily.

You may or may not know that the effort required for yoga is certainly not easy (what program ids that actually works though!), but the total body benefit is worth all the hard work. The art of practicing Yoga exercises or Asanas can and will improve your physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health.

poses

To be able to accomplish the Yoga Poses requires you to study each pose and perform it deliberately as you control your body and mind simultaneously. Learn the following different Yoga Exercises, Postures, and Poses in the following sections and then incorporate them into your routine.

Warm-Up Poses

In general, warming up depends on the particular style of yoga that you practice and your studio, class, DVD, or online training will show you the best warm up for the type of yoga you are doing.

Standing Poses – You should learn the following Standing Poses

  • Virabhadrasana or Warrior Pose
  • Utkatasana or Squat Pose
  • Uttanasana or Standing Forward Bend
  • Tadasana or Mountain Pose
  • Uthita Trikonasana or Extended Triangle
  • Garudasana or Eagle Pose
  • Natarajasana or Dancer
  • Bakasana or Crow Pose
  • Chaturangsana or Plank Pose
  • Purvottanasana or Back Bend
  • Vasisthasana or Inclined Plank

Seated Poses – These poses can be done while sitting.

Sitting Neutral

  • Vajrasana or Hero Pose
  • Dandasana or Staff Pose
  • Baddhakonasana or Bound Angle Pose
  • Gomukhasana or Cow Face Pose

Sitting Forward

  • Pascimottanasana or Sitting Forward Bend
  • Paripurna navasana or Boat Pose

Sitting Back Bends

  • Bidalasana or Cat Stretch
  • Ustrasana or Camel Pose
  • Bhujangasana or Cobra Pose
  • Dhanurasana or Bow Pose

Sittting Twist

  • Ardha matsyendrasana or Half Twist

Inverted Postures and Balance Poses – These poses help to increase circulation, stimulate the brain, enhance glandular system functioning, and relieve pressure on the abdominal organs helping with digestion and blood flow.

  • Sarvangasana or Shoulder Stand
  • Halasana or Plow Pose
  • Adho Mukha Svanasana or Downward Facing Dog
  • Setu Bandha or Half Bridge
  • Urdhva Dhanurasana or Full Bridge
  • Karnapidasana or Spider Pose

It’s recommended that people try and practice different yoga poses at home or even in the office or workplace but if you are feeling like you’re not able to complete a posture, please don’t push yourself. Yoga is not a competition so just relax, rest for a minute and try the pose again. Also remember not to try yoga poses that are beyond your capabilities.

If you attempt asanas that are beyond your level you can injure yourself which is not what we are trying to achieve with yoga! You might find it helpful to get some expert guidance through popular online training websites where a professional teacher can instruct and coach you through each Yoga Pose ensuring you are doing the exercise correctly.

The Macronutrients of Nutrition

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Nutrition can be a confusing subject for the ordinary person. Of course we have all heard about vitamins and minerals, antioxidants and fiber, complex carbohydrates and sugars but how does it all fit together?

Well to start with, our bodies require certain amounts of macronutrients to survive. There are a few people who focus on one nutrient over another and they consume more of one and less of the others but in general we all need some of these nutrients and a healthy diet consists of a good balance of the all three macronutrients.

macronutrients

The macronutrients are protein, fat and carbohydrates. Protein and carbohydrates both provide 4 calories per gram, while the more dense fat contains 9 calories per gram. A calorie is at its most basic description the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of water 1 degree Celsius. While that is a rather confusing definition for most of us it is easier for us to just know that a calorie is just a measurement that we use to determine the energy content of food.

Due to this discrepancy of 5 additional calories per gram, it was believed for a few years that the fat in our diet was the main cause of the fat on our bodies. It has since been proven that this all too simple explanation is not quite true. The fat on our bodies is caused by a number of different factors including the eating of too many calories altogether be they from fat, protein or carbohydrates.

Protein is the building blocks of the tissues in our bodies and it is essential to all of the processes within our cells. Protein can be found in animal tissue, dairy products and eggs but also vegetarian sources such a beans, legumes and especially soybeans.

Carbohydrates are the main energy source of our bodies. A simplistic explanation of carbohydrates is that they convert to sugar in our bodies, which in turn provides the energy that we need. Carbohydrates can be further broken down into simple carbohydrates, which include sugar, candy, white flour and more and complex carbohydrates, which include whole grains and vegetables. Simple carbohydrates break down in our bodies at a very rapid level, causing energy swings and increased hunger while complex carbohydrates break down slowly which gives us sustained longer-term energy.

Fat was long misaligned as being bad for our health but that is not completely true. The saturated fats and trans fats are destructive to our bodies but there are also essential fats that we need to maintain good health. Those would include the monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats such as olive oil, peanut oil and canola oil and the fats found in nuts and seeds, avocados, olives and the acai berry. The bad fats are the saturated fats such as the fat found in animal products and the “fake” fats or trans fats that are created by hydrogenation.

The macronutrients of protein, carbohydrates and fat are the building blocks of nutrition and all of the rest of the positive nutritional factors, like vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and more are found within one of these three macronutrients.

Workout Routines for Seniors

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Seniors are finally getting involved in the health movement! Move it or lose it! What is the best workout routine for senior citizens? And why should seniors workout? We will explore more on this topic during this article.

Did you know that there are some health insurance companies that will actually pay for your gym membership. When this was implemented several years ago, the insurance companies saved around 1.6 billion dollars in health care in the first two years! Senior citizens were getting into the gym, and getting fit and healthy!

senior

Of course, if you have read any of my other articles, you know that I am a big advocate of weight lifting. And yes, this goes for you too, seniors. Lifting weights can really help with osteoporosis. If you don’t believe me, ask your doctor. Your doctor will tell you. I have some clients that have come to me because their doctor has told them that they have to get a personal trainer.

My hope for everyone and their health is that they get into the gym BEFORE their doctor tells them that they have to do it. Once you are at a place where your doctor tells you that you HAVE to lose weight, or you have to get a personal trainer, this can mean that your health is at stake. This always makes my heart just drop, because I know for many people, that a lot of their health problems could have been prevented if they had just lead a healthy lifestyle and gotten into the gym.

So, don’t be one of those people. Get in to the gym now. Also, for most seniors, it’s about getting back your mobility, your range of motion, and a bit of strength and energy. Yes, I recommend lifting weights, but, don’t go in and just start throwing weights around. Get yourself at least a month of sessions with a personal trainer. Many injuries can be prevented by just knowing where to place your hands or your feet during certain exercises.

One rule of thumb can be the ninety degree angle rule. Now, this doesn’t apply for every exercise. There are always exceptions to the rule. Basically, you never let your legs or your arms go past a ninety degree angle. For instance, if you are doing an overhead shoulder press, your arms above your head should each form ninety degree angles.

This way, you are keeping the weight in your muscle rather than your joints. But, if this isn’t making any sense to you, please take the time to seek out a personal trainer in your area. They can help you with all of your fitness goals and give you a great workout routine for seniors!

Why Aerobics are So Good for You

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Aerobic exercise has been around since the 1980’s and has benefited the exercise community by strengthening the body, improving circulation, and increasing performance. Aerobic exercise was obsolete before 1978 when exercise was about strength and resistance training by building muscles.

However, people realized that strong muscles didn’t equal best athlete. Performance suffered due to the lack of oxygen and increased muscle mass.

Aerobic exercise

Aerobic exercise requires the use of oxygen for the body to generate energy. Due to the increased period of time of exercise the body increases the circulation and transportation of blood, oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. This allows for longer endurance during competition. Although, aerobics are not only good for performance, they benefit the body as well.

The benefit of health and performance through aerobic exercise is based on the duration and frequency of exercise. It is recommended to get a minimum 30 minutes of cardiovascular exercise in on a daily basis. Cardiovascular exercise is any exercise that increases the heart rate while increasing circulation throughout the body. Aerobics are the most prevalent cardiovascular exercise. Not only does it improve circulation throughout the body, it strengthens the heart and respiratory muscles.

Both the heart and lungs become more efficient at pumping blood and oxygen throughout the body as aerobic exercise becomes longer and more vigorous. Red blood cell count increases in the body to transport more oxygen for exercise. Aerobic exercise uses the large muscle groups throughout the body therefore strengthening them while in use. It also reduces the risk for diabetes, heart disease, and cardiovascular disease. The resting heart rate and blood pressure both decrease from aerobic exercise. It improves mental health by decreasing stress and depression.

Aerobic exercise is good for weight loss because it burns more calories at a faster rate. It raises the metabolic rate (the amount of calories needed for the body to sustain at rest) and burns fat when done consistently. During the initial stages of aerobic exercise glycogen is broken down to produce energy. As the glycogen, which comes from carbohydrates is used up, the body moves onto fat to produce energy.

This is a longer process and can cause performance to decline. However, over time as you continue to do aerobic exercise the body becomes more efficient at storing glycogen in the muscles to be used for energy. And because of the increased energy endurance is improved. The body also increases vascularization of the muscles to improve blood flow. The body becomes better able to break down fats for energy. Aerobic exercise also speeds up the ability of muscles to recover from exercise.

Aerobic exercise is normally categorized into two areas, low impact and high impact. Low impact aerobics include stair climbing, walking, swimming, housework, etc. During low impact aerobics one foot stays on the ground to support the weight of the body. For the most part any healthy person can do low impact aerobic activities.

Walking is the most prevalent low impact aerobic exercise because it can be done anywhere without the use of any equipment and requires no skill. Even though walking is a weight bearing exercise it causes less injury to the knees, and joints. If you are looking to include aerobic activity in your exercise routine start with low impact and work your way up to high impact.

High impact aerobics include running, sports such as football, tennis, rugby, dance, etc. During high impact aerobics both feet come off the floor simultaneously, even for a moment which can cause jarring of the joints when the body weight hits the floor again. When including aerobics in your exercise routine, start with low impact and work your way up to high impact.

People who are overweight, elderly, injured, out of condition should get approval from a doctor before jumping into high impact aerobics. High impact aerobics should be preformed on opposite days as low impact aerobics. Remember aerobic activity should always be part of your fitness plan.

4 Foods That are Effective for Weight Loss

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As we all know, food is a major part of whether we put on or lose weight. Some foods truly make it difficult to lose weight like hamburgers and fries. Even though these bad foods are tempting, they can create cravings that are self-sustaining, destroy your blood sugar levels, and pack pounds around your waistline.

However do not despair – there are actually food and beverages which can assist you in losing weight! This is fantastic as although they are not magic bullets formulated by Scientists in a lab, they are natural foods.

weight

Most people associate healthy food with having a bad taste. The truth is that many of these healthy and natural foods that help you to lose weight actually taste good and you can easily add them to your diet.

Here are the top 4 food and drinks for weight loss:

Grapefruit

In the early 2000’s, there was a hit fad of the grapefruit diet. This was based on a study conducted in 2004 at the Scripss Clinic in California, where Researchers discovered that grapefruit meets its reputation as a superfood as they found that those who simply ate just half a grapefruit before a main meal dropped weight. If you are not into eating grapefruit or your city or country does not have fresh grapefruit all year round, then the grapefruit juice and capsules also work. However, the fresh grapefruit is best. In addition, it is great for your future health as it contains lycopene and liminoids which are compounds that help to fight cancer. Bonus!

Pumpkin

People may love it with their Sunday Roast or on special occasions like Thanksgiving, but did you know it is actually one of the best weight loss superfoods? Even just canned pumpkin has plenty of fiber and is only 40 calories. What’s best is that it is also really easy to prepare – regardless of whether it is bought fresh or canned.

A great treat to go with either your Sunday Roast or just in time for Thanksgiving is to sprinkle the sliced pumpkin with a bit of nutmeg, artificial sweetener, and cinnamon. Add some almonds, and there you have a delicious and filling treat

Sardines

Easily found in any supermarket, sardines are fantastic for weight loss. They contain lots of protein which will assist you in feeling full, and stimulate both your blood sugar and your metabolism. They are also an excellent source of Omega 3, which will assist in boosting your mood and strengthen your cardiovascular system. They are also cheap and free of heavy metals and mercury unlike other fish higher up on the seafood chain.

Green Tea

This drink is a slimming solution that has been backed by many studies around the world. It is great for promoting your health, regulating blood sugar, aiding in digestion, and is rich in antioxidants. It helps to boost your metabolism and also helps you to de-stress. It is recommended that people drink 5 cups of green tea per day.

Ab Workouts – Muscular Strength vs Muscular Endurance

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Muscular strength is different from muscular endurance when it comes to ab workouts. Both types are very good at helping people lead a healthy, fit lifestyle and keep the body strong. However, if you want ripped abs, your best choice would be muscular strength training. You will get faster results!

People often have an ideal image of how they want to look, which determines what type of exercise program they should follow. If looking lean and muscular is your goal, then going for a long run will not be effective.

Muscular

Muscular endurance activities will condition your body to perform well for that activity. The long, low intensity activity will require your muscles to be light, lean and sleek to be able to last for long distances or durations.

Muscular strength training is very effective at increasing the body’s metabolism. The increased size of the muscles causes the body to work harder to supply energy to the bigger muscles, which results in more calories burned and greater fat burning.

The increased muscular activity burns the food that we eat and when the body needs more fuel, it will use the excess body fat and burn that. When the body starts burning more fat, the abdominal area of our body will begin to show the underlying abs and give us more ab definition.

Resistance training with heavy weights and low repetitions forces the muscles to hypertrophy and increase its overall muscle activity. The increased intensity of the activity will cause a buildup of lactic acid and carbon dioxide. Once the muscles slow down its intensity, the body will then deliver more oxygen to the muscles, to help replenish and remove waste products.

When the exercise intensity slows down or stops, the body will then continue to send oxygen to the muscles to remove waste and replenish the muscles to prepare for the next bout of exercise or activity. What also ends up happening is the body continues to replenish and repair the muscles, well after the exercise session and the body ends up burning fat throughout the day and night.

Having muscular endurance is good for general health and fitness. But if you want killer abs, you need to train for muscular strength. Training for strength will turn your body into a fat burning machine that will get you the rock hard abs that you’ve dreamed of.

Adopting a Low Impact Aerobic Workout Can Help You Burn Fat Faster

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The most effective way to lose weight fast and easy is with a dependable low impact fat burning workout. We’re often told that strenuous aerobic exercise is the way to go for losing weight but quite often we are misled into believing that this is the only answer.

If you are a novice, you might harm yourself if you get started with high impact high intensity aerobic activity.

low impact

For that reason, it is better to start from the beginning at a moderate pace using low impact aerobic activity if you want to be able to get the most advantage from your fat burning routine. Walking for 20 minutes a day initially is a great way to build up your stamina if you have not been working out for very long.

The main goal of low impact aerobics is to get your heart going, and improve your circulatory system without damaging your skeletal structure in the process. I like jumping jacks and the jump rope because they can be done almost anywhere. Even though both involve jumping, they are surprisingly low impact workouts.

They are very easy and safe for beginners and offer progressive options for increasing intensity and skill. You can increase your proficiency and burn calories as well as fat. The point of fat burning workouts is to keep you in the zone for 24 to 48 hours.

Strength training also contributes to fat loss over an extended period. By including resistance training into your weekly the program, you can continue the fat burning process as you improve your muscle density.

High Intensity low impact fat burning exercises are a great way to get the fat burning results in an incredibly short span of time. Here’s how to lose weight and keep it off; try a rowing machine workout or the elliptical machine at a steady pace below aerobic capacity for 10 minutes. Gradually increase the intensity for three minutes.

Crank it up to a higher amount for two minutes say about 80% of maximum and then kick it up even further for one minute. Go all out for that one minute then return to the steady pace below aerobic capacity for another 10 minutes. This kind of variable intensity routine will get you burning fat in less time for sure.

This is perhaps the simplest way to lose weight for many people who are challenged with low metabolism. You’ll be able to boost your strength through these assorted workouts and are less likely to get bored if you are doing several movements from day-to-day.

Always get a check up from your physician when starting a new fitness program. If you want to lose weight fast and easy, adopting a low impact aerobic workout might be a fantastic way to go.

How Superfoods Can Help with Weight Loss

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Superfoods are the most nutrient rich foods available on the planet, and thus they are great for helping in weight loss. Many of them are quite filling due to the many healthy oils and proteins that they contain. As a result food cravings are dramatically reduced when superfoods are a part of the diet.

Some superfoods also contain high amounts of calories. Calories, however, are not always a bad thing, especially when they are loaded with important nutrients. An example of a calorie and nutrient rich superfood is the avocado. It contains all the amino acids that the human body needs to build its own protein. Plus, it contains many healthy fats that can keep the body feeling full for hours to come.

superfoods

Naturally, the more nutrients one puts into the body, the less one craves for food; for the body craves the nutrients, and not the calories. Empty calories on the other hand, can add up quickly, but still leave one feeling hungrier than ever, because there are no nutrients in those types of foods.

Therefore, superfoods, even though some of them might be high in calories, are a good substitute for any other food on the plate, as well as for any other snack, as they can help to dramatically reduce the amount of food that is consumed.

In addition, many superfoods such as the avocado, nuts and seeds, broccoli, blueberries and acai contribute to an alkaline environment, which is absolutely essential for losing weight effectively. An alkaline environment also helps to keep the weight off in the long run. When the body is acidic, it makes it nearly impossible for the body to lose weight, as the acids get wrapped up in fat cells, resulting in weight gain, rather than in weight loss.

Furthermore, many superfoods are also low in calories. These include broccoli, blueberries, acai berries, tomatoes, asparagus and leafy greens. These foods can easily be combined with higher caloric foods such as nuts and seeds, avocados and coconuts. Thus one can still have a full plate and feel full, and lose weight at the same time.

Simple Recipe Ideas

The superfoods can be combined in fruit smoothies with acai, pineapple, mango, blueberries and avocados. Combining the fruits in a smoothie creates a naturally sweet drink that most people enjoy, and are great at any time of day or season.

Another way to enjoy the benefits of superfoods is to combine them into a rich salad, sprinkled with nuts and seeds. Depending on the foods, one can make a leafy green salad to go with the main meal, or, a fruit salad to enjoy as a dessert.

To make a simple salad dressing using one of the above mentioned superfoods, simple take an avocado and mash it up in a food processor or with a fork. The squeeze in a bit of lemon juice and add sea salt to taste. This makes for a thick dressing, but it is easily massaged into the leafy greens. The taste is fabulous.

Another idea is for a smoothie. Avocados make for a great addition to just about any type of fruit smoothie, as they provide a nice rich and creamy texture. Fruits and berries that go well with avocados are blueberries, strawberries, pineapples, mangoes and banana.

As for superfood powders, they are excellent in hot smoothies, but also work great in cold fruit smoothies as well. To make a hot smoothie using the superfoods, simply heat some water, and blend it with a bit of coconut oil. Then add your superfood powder, a natural sweetener such as raw honey or agave and enjoy.

Thoughts On Improving Muscular Endurance in Women

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People often times get confused about what muscle endurance is and how to train to improve it. This is especially important in training women since many are afraid of “bulking up”.

First of all, muscle endurance is the ability of a muscle or muscle group to repeatedly contract without fatiguing. If you were riding a bicycle for a 40 miles, the thigh and leg muscles would be demonstrating their muscular endurance as they would be contracting with each pedal stroke for this distance.

muscle endurance

Muscle endurance is not the same as cardiovascular or aerobic endurance which illustrates the ability of your body to deliver oxygen to the body tissues. One would have a different workout emphasis to improve the heart and lungs and blood delivery of oxygen to the tissues than for muscular endurance as the emphasis. At the same time, training for one dimension of health like muscle endurance in the bicycling example, doesn’t preclude you from improving cardiovascular endurance. Chances are you would improve both even if that is not your goal.

Secondly, I am writing about muscle endurance because, as a female, I often hear women say they want to participate in a weight training program but not if they are going to “bulk” up. Commonly the trainer leading them in such a routine will suggest the use of lighter weights with many repetitions so they can improve muscular endurance in lieu of getting bigger muscles.

As a certified personal trainer, a university professor, and a woman with many years of experience in health and fitness from a variety of perspectives, this desire to “tone up” rather than “bulk up” always serves as a source of discussion for me.

First of all, women don’t have the testosterone levels to significantly increase the size of their muscles. Pick up an exercise physiology text and you can read the research that documents such. Secondly, women, especially pre- and post-menopausal women, need to lift a decent amount of weight to stimulate bone health which is decreasing as we age. Bone loss is especially substantial in the years following menopause. Another reason to engage in a weight routine with some “healthy” amount of weight, is to prevent sarcopenia, a loss of muscle mass which is usual with the aging process.

Bone loss or poor density can translate into fractures. Loss of muscle mass demonstrates a loss in strength. Both indicate a decreased ability to accomplish daily life tasks and ultimately, independent living can be the cost.

What would I suggest as an appropriate program for muscle endurance? Choose a weight for each exercise that is about 65% of the maximum weight you can lift in that exercise. For instance, if you can leg press 100 pounds, then you should have about a 65 pound load to train for muscle endurance. Press this 65 pound load for more than 12 times or repetitions. Rest 30 seconds, Repeat. Perform 2 or 3 sets of this exercise. Advance to the next muscle or muscle group and use the same “routine”.

Too many times, people are not engaging the principles that allow them to build muscle endurance. Too frequently, one set is performed and then a person “chats” with someone nearby and 5 minutes has passed before attempting the second set. For endurance, the rest periods must be short. Also, in many cases, the weight is too light for the benefits of helping the muscle “endure”.

If your goal is to build the endurance of a muscle, then you must lift the appropriate weight (about 65% of max for that exercise) and have short rest periods (less than 30 seconds). With such a program, a person will build some level of strength because you can’t improve endurance without some improvement in strength. But, the overriding improvement will be in the endurance of the muscle.

Women won’t likely increase the size of their muscle with this programming but they will achieve greater benefits by a heavier weight and shorter rest periods that are closely monitored and recorded than from previous “random” attempts at lifting without enough weight and rest periods of too great a length.

Finally, what if a woman gains a little muscle mass? If improving bone health and muscle endurance and strength is achieved so that quality of life is improved, isn’t this a small cost?!